What must be obtained before conducting experimental treatments on human subjects?

Before conducting experimental treatments on human subjects, informed consent must be obtained. Informed consent is a fundamental ethical and legal requirement that ensures individuals are fully aware of the nature of the study, the risks involved, the benefits, and their rights as participants. This process respects the autonomy of the participants, allowing them to make an informed decision about their involvement in the experiment.

Informed consent not only protects the subjects but also strengthens the integrity of the research. Researchers are required to provide comprehensive information in a clear and understandable manner, ensuring that participants can grasp the implications of their participation. Furthermore, informed consent must be obtained voluntarily, without coercion, allowing individuals to withdraw from the study at any time without any penalties.

While parental consent may be necessary for research involving minors, and institutional approval could be needed when studies must adhere to specific ethical guidelines set forth by institutional review boards, the key element that directly relates to the ethical treatment of all participants in research is informed consent. Written notification does not constitute the same level of individual understanding or agreement and would not satisfy the requirement for conducting experimental treatments involving human subjects.