What does the term "Doctoral" refer to in psychology?

The term "Doctoral" in psychology specifically refers to a professional graduate level degree. This level of education typically involves advanced study beyond the master's level and is necessary for individuals seeking to engage in clinical practice, research, or teaching at a university level in the field of psychology. Doctoral programs culminate in degrees such as a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), which prepare graduates for a variety of roles that require extensive knowledge and expertise in psychological theories, methods, and applications.

In contrast, master's level education (not the correct choice) represents a lower level of postgraduate education, while undergraduate programs pertain to initial college-level studies that do not achieve the advanced level of expertise required for doctoral recognition. Certifications refer to credentials that indicate specific qualifications or expertise, but they do not equate to the comprehensive education and training afforded by a doctoral program in psychology.